The extraordinary relationship between Henry Matisse and Pablo Picasso is one of the most important and eventful narratives in modern art. Between them, they set the course of Western art history in the first half of the twentieth century, during which Renaissance one-point perspective and realism were abandoned for radical ideas about depicting the third dimension. Their artistic rivalry and collaboration began the new story of modernism. This publication examines the paths of these two artists over the years and the way they each responded to the other's work.